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Pulitzer Prize

American award
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Pulitzer Prize, any of a series of annual prizes awarded by Columbia University, New York City, for outstanding public service and achievement in American journalism, letters, and music. Fellowships are also awarded. The prizes, originally endowed with a gift of $500,000 from the newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer, are highly esteemed and have been awarded each May since 1917. The awards are made by Columbia University on the recommendation of the Pulitzer Prize Board, composed of judges appointed by the university. The prizes have varied in number and category over the years but currently number 14 prizes in the field of journalism, 6 prizes in letters, and 1 prize in music.

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for biography or autobiography

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for biography or autobiography are listed in the table.

Sir Winston Churchill, print reproduced from the original oil painting by Sir Oswald Birley, published 1906.
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Literary Awards Quiz
Pulitzer Prize—Biography or Autobiography
year title author
*Awarded posthumously.
**Freeman died in 1953 after completing vol. 1–6; Carroll and Ashworth continued his work with vol. 7.
***Awarded posthumously to Les Payne.
****Awarded posthumously to Winfred Rembert.
1917 Julia Ward Howe Laura Elizabeth Howe Richards and Maude Howe Elliott; assisted by Florence Howe Hall
1918 Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed: A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on His Own Writings William Cabell Bruce
1919 The Education of Henry Adams* Henry Adams
1920 The Life of John Marshall, 4 vol. Albert J. Beveridge
1921 The Americanization of Edward Bok: The Autobiography of a Dutch Boy Fifty Years After Edward Bok
1922 A Daughter of the Middle Border Hamlin Garland
1923 The Life and Letters of Walter H. Page Burton J. Hendrick
1924 From Immigrant to Inventor Michael Idvorsky Pupin
1925 Barrett Wendell and His Letters M.A. De Wolfe Howe
1926 The Life of Sir William Osler, 2 vol. Harvey Cushing
1927 Whitman: An Interpretation in Narrative Emory Holloway
1928 The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas Charles Edward Russell
1929 The Training of an American: The Earlier Life and Letters of Walter H. Page, 1855–1913 Burton J. Hendrick
1930 The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston Marquis James
1931 Charles W. Eliot: President of Harvard University, 1869–1909, 2 vol. Henry James
1932 Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography Henry F. Pringle
1933 Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage Allan Nevins
1934 John Hay: From Poetry to Politics Tyler Dennett
1935 R.E. Lee: A Biography, 4 vol. Douglas S. Freeman
1936 The Thought and Character of William James, As Revealed in Unpublished Correspondence and Notes, Together with His Published Writings, 2 vol. Ralph Barton Perry
1937 Hamilton Fish: The Inner History of the Grant Administration Allan Nevins
1938 Andrew Jackson, 2 vol. Marquis James
Pedlar's Progress: The Life of Bronson Alcott Odell Shepard
1939 Benjamin Franklin Carl Van Doren
1940 Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters: War Leader, vol. 7; Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters: Armistice, vol. 8 Ray Stannard Baker
1941 Jonathan Edwards, 1703–1758: A Biography Ola Elizabeth Winslow
1942 Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe Forrest Wilson
1943 Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Life of Christopher Columbus, 2 vol. Samuel Eliot Morison
1944 The American Leonardo: A Life of Samuel F.B. Morse Carleton Mabee
1945 George Bancroft: Brahmin Rebel Russell Blaine Nye
1946 Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir Linnie Marsh Wolfe
1947 The Autobiography of William Allen White William Allen White
1948 Forgotten First Citizen: John Bigelow Margaret Clapp
1949 Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History Robert E. Sherwood
1950 John Quincy Adams and the Foundations of American Foreign Policy Samuel Flagg Bemis
1951 John C. Calhoun: American Portrait Margaret Louise Coit
1952 Charles Evans Hughes, 2 vol. Merlo J. Pusey
1953 Edmund Pendleton, 1721–1803: A Biography, 2 vol. David J. Mays
1954 The Spirit of St. Louis Charles A. Lindbergh
1955 The Taft Story William S. White
1956 Benjamin Henry Latrobe Talbot Faulkner Hamlin
1957 Profiles in Courage John F. Kennedy
1958 George Washington, 7 vol.** Douglas Southall Freeman, John Alexander Carroll, and Mary Wells Ashworth
1959 Woodrow Wilson: American Prophet, vol. 1 Arthur Walworth
1960 John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography Samuel Eliot Morison
1961 Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War David Herbert Donald
1962 no award
1963 Henry James: The Conquest of London, 1870–1883, vol. 2; Henry James: The Middle Years, 1882–1895, vol. 3 Leon Edel
1964 John Keats Walter Jackson Bate
1965 Henry Adams, 3 vol. Ernest Samuels
1966 A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
1967 Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain Justin Kaplan
1968 Memoirs: 1925–1950 George F. Kennan
1969 The Man from New York: John Quinn and His Friends Benjamin Lawrence Reid
1970 Huey Long T. Harry Williams
1971 Robert Frost: The Years of Triumph, 1915–1938 Lawrance Thompson
1972 Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers Joseph P. Lash
1973 Luce and His Empire W.A. Swanberg
1974 O'Neill, Son and Artist Louis Sheaffer
1975 The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York Robert A. Caro
1976 Edith Wharton: A Biography R.W.B. Lewis
1977 A Prince of Our Disorder: The Life of T.E. Lawrence John E. Mack
1978 Samuel Johnson Walter Jackson Bate
1979 Days of Sorrow and Pain: Leo Baeck and the Berlin Jews Leonard Baker
1980 The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt Edmund Morris
1981 Peter the Great: His Life and World Robert K. Massie
1982 Grant: A Biography William McFeely
1983 Growing Up Russell Baker
1984 Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901–1915 Louis R. Harlan
1985 The Life and Times of Cotton Mather Kenneth Silverman
1986 Louise Bogan: A Portrait Elizabeth Frank
1987 Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference David J. Garrow
1988 Look Homeward: A Life of Thomas Wolfe David Herbert Donald
1989 Oscar Wilde* Richard Ellmann
1990 Machiavelli in Hell Sebastian de Grazia
1991 Jackson Pollock: An American Saga Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith
1992 Fortunate Son: The Healing of a Vietnam Vet Lewis B. Puller, Jr.
1993 Truman David McCullough
1994 W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868–1919 David Levering Lewis
1995 Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life Joan D. Hedrick
1996 God: A Biography Jack Miles
1997 Angela's Ashes: A Memoir Frank McCourt
1998 Personal History Katharine Graham
1999 Lindbergh A. Scott Berg
2000 Véra (Mrs. Vladimir Nabokov) Stacy Schiff
2001 W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919–1963 David Levering Lewis
2002 John Adams David McCullough
2003 The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Master of the Senate, vol. 3 Robert A. Caro
2004 Khrushchev: The Man and His Era William Taubman
2005 De Kooning: An American Master Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan
2006 American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin
2007 The Most Famous Man in America: The Biography of Henry Ward Beecher Debby Applegate
2008 Eden's Outcasts: The Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Father John Matteson
2009 American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House Jon Meacham
2010 The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt T.J. Stiles
2011 Washington: A Life Ron Chernow
2012 George F. Kennan: An American Life John Lewis Gaddis
2013 The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo Tom Reiss
2014 Margaret Fuller: A New American Life Megan Marshall
2015 The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe David I. Kertzer
2016 Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life William Finnegan
2017 The Return: Fathers, Sons and the Land in Between Hisham Matar
2018 Prairie Fires: The American Dreams of Laura Ingalls Wilder Caroline Fraser
2019 The New Negro: The Life of Alain Locke Jeffrey C. Stewart
2020 Sontag: Her Life and Work Benjamin Moser
2021 The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X*** Les Payne and Tamara Payne
2022 Chasing Me to My Grave: An Artist's Memoir of the Jim Crow South**** Winfred Rembert and Erin I. Kelly
2023 G-Man: J. Edgar Hoover and the Making of the American Century Beverly Gage

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for drama

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for drama are listed in the table.

Pulitzer Prize—Drama
year title author
*Awarded posthumously.
1917 no award
1918 Why Marry? Jesse Lynch Williams
1919 no award
1920 Beyond the Horizon Eugene O'Neill
1921 Miss Lulu Bett Zona Gale
1922 Anna Christie Eugene O'Neill
1923 Icebound Owen Davis
1924 Hell-Bent fer Heaven Hatcher Hughes
1925 They Knew What They Wanted Sidney Howard
1926 Craig's Wife George Kelly
1927 In Abraham's Bosom Paul Green
1928 Strange Interlude Eugene O'Neill
1929 Street Scene Elmer L. Rice
1930 The Green Pastures Marc Connelly
1931 Alison's House Susan Glaspell
1932 Of Thee I Sing George S. Kaufman (writer), Morrie Ryskind (writer), and Ira Gershwin (lyricist)
1933 Both Your Houses Maxwell Anderson
1934 Men in White Sidney Kingsley
1935 The Old Maid Zoe Akins
1936 Idiot's Delight Robert E. Sherwood
1937 You Can't Take It with You Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman
1938 Our Town Thornton Wilder
1939 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Robert E. Sherwood
1940 The Time of Your Life William Saroyan
1941 There Shall Be No Night Robert E. Sherwood
1942 no award
1943 The Skin of Our Teeth Thornton Wilder
1944 no award
1945 Harvey Mary Chase
1946 State of the Union Russel Crouse and Howard Lindsay
1947 no award
1948 A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams
1949 Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller
1950 South Pacific Richard Rodgers (composer), Oscar Hammerstein II (lyricist/writer), and Joshua Logan (writer)
1951 no award
1952 The Shrike Joseph Kramm
1953 Picnic William Inge
1954 The Teahouse of the August Moon John Patrick
1955 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Tennessee Williams
1956 The Diary of Anne Frank Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich
1957 Long Day's Journey into Night* Eugene O'Neill
1958 Look Homeward, Angel Ketti Frings
1959 J.B. Archibald MacLeish
1960 Fiorello! Jerome Weidman (writer), George Abbott (writer), Jerry Bock (composer), and Sheldon Harnick (lyricist)
1961 All the Way Home Tad Mosel
1962 How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying Frank Loesser (composer/lyricist) and Abe Burrows (writer)
1963 no award
1964 no award
1965 The Subject Was Roses Frank D. Gilroy
1966 no award
1967 A Delicate Balance Edward Albee
1968 no award
1969 The Great White Hope Howard Sackler
1970 No Place to Be Somebody Charles Gordone
1971 The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds Paul Zindel
1972 no award
1973 That Championship Season Jason Miller
1974 no award
1975 Seascape Edward Albee
1976 A Chorus Line Michael Bennett (choreographer/director), James Kirkwood (writer), Nicholas Dante (writer), Marvin Hamlisch (composer), and Edward Kleban (lyricist)
1977 The Shadow Box Michael Cristofer
1978 The Gin Game Donald L. Coburn
1979 Buried Child Sam Shepard
1980 Talley's Folly Lanford Wilson
1981 Crimes of the Heart Beth Henley
1982 A Soldier's Play Charles Fuller
1983 'Night, Mother Marsha Norman
1984 Glengarry Glen Ross David Mamet
1985 Sunday in the Park with George Stephen Sondheim (composer/lyricist) and James Lapine (writer)
1986 no award
1987 Fences August Wilson
1988 Driving Miss Daisy Alfred Uhry
1989 The Heidi Chronicles Wendy Wasserstein
1990 The Piano Lesson August Wilson
1991 Lost in Yonkers Neil Simon
1992 The Kentucky Cycle Robert Schenkkan
1993 Angels in America: Millennium Approaches Tony Kushner
1994 Three Tall Women Edward Albee
1995 The Young Man from Atlanta Horton Foote
1996 Rent* Jonathan Larson
1997 no award
1998 How I Learned to Drive Paula Vogel
1999 Wit Margaret Edson
2000 Dinner with Friends Donald Margulies
2001 Proof David Auburn
2002 Topdog/Underdog Suzan-Lori Parks
2003 Anna in the Tropics Nilo Cruz
2004 I Am My Own Wife Doug Wright
2005 Doubt: A Parable John Patrick Shanley
2006 no award
2007 Rabbit Hole David Lindsay-Abaire
2008 August: Osage County Tracy Letts
2009 Ruined Lynn Nottage
2010 Next to Normal Tom Kitt (composer) and Brian Yorkey (writer/lyricist)
2011 Clybourne Park Bruce Norris
2012 Water by the Spoonful Quiara Alegría Hudes
2013 Disgraced Ayad Akhtar
2014 The Flick Annie Baker
2015 Between Riverside and Crazy Stephen Adly Guirgis
2016 Hamilton Lin-Manuel Miranda
2017 Sweat Lynn Nottage
2018 Cost of Living Martyna Majok
2019 Fairview Jackie Sibblies Drury
2020 A Strange Loop Michael R. Jackson
2021 The Hot Wing King Katori Hall
2022 Fat Ham James Ijames
2023 English Sanaz Toossi

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction are listed in the table.

Pulitzer Prize—Fiction*
year title author
*Prior to 1948 the category was “novel” rather than fiction.
**Work published and prize awarded posthumously.
1917 no award
1918 His Family Ernest Poole
1919 The Magnificent Ambersons Booth Tarkington
1920 no award
1921 The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton
1922 Alice Adams Booth Tarkington
1923 One of Ours Willa Cather
1924 The Able McLaughlins Margaret Wilson
1925 So Big Edna Ferber
1926 Arrowsmith Sinclair Lewis (declined)
1927 Early Autumn: A Story of a Lady Louis Bromfield
1928 The Bridge of San Luis Rey Thornton Wilder
1929 Scarlet Sister Mary Julia Peterkin
1930 Laughing Boy Oliver La Farge
1931 Years of Grace Margaret Ayer Barnes
1932 The Good Earth Pearl S. Buck
1933 The Store T.S. Stribling
1934 Lamb in His Bosom Caroline Miller
1935 Now in November Josephine Winslow Johnson
1936 Honey in the Horn H.L. Davis
1937 Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell
1938 The Late George Apley: A Novel in the Form of a Memoir J.P. Marquand
1939 The Yearling Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings
1940 The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck
1941 no award
1942 In This Our Life Ellen Glasgow
1943 Dragon's Teeth Upton Sinclair
1944 Journey in the Dark Martin Flavin
1945 A Bell for Adano John Hersey
1946 no award
1947 All the King's Men Robert Penn Warren
1948 Tales of the South Pacific James A. Michener
1949 Guard of Honor James Gould Cozzens
1950 The Way West A.B. Guthrie, Jr.
1951 The Town Conrad Richter
1952 The Caine Mutiny: A Novel of World War II Herman Wouk
1953 The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway
1954 no award
1955 A Fable William Faulkner
1956 Andersonville MacKinlay Kantor
1957 no award
1958 A Death in the Family** James Agee
1959 The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters Robert Lewis Taylor
1960 Advise and Consent Allen Drury
1961 To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee
1962 The Edge of Sadness Edwin O'Connor
1963 The Reivers: A Reminiscence William Faulkner
1964 no award
1965 The Keepers of the House Shirley Ann Grau
1966 The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter Katherine Anne Porter
1967 The Fixer Bernard Malamud
1968 The Confessions of Nat Turner William Styron
1969 House Made of Dawn N. Scott Momaday
1970 The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford Jean Stafford
1971 no award
1972 Angle of Repose Wallace Stegner
1973 The Optimist's Daughter Eudora Welty
1974 no award
1975 The Killer Angels Michael Shaara
1976 Humboldt's Gift Saul Bellow
1977 no award
1978 Elbow Room James Alan McPherson
1979 The Stories of John Cheever John Cheever
1980 The Executioner's Song Norman Mailer
1981 A Confederacy of Dunces** John Kennedy Toole
1982 Rabbit Is Rich John Updike
1983 The Color Purple Alice Walker
1984 Ironweed William Kennedy
1985 Foreign Affairs Alison Lurie
1986 Lonesome Dove Larry McMurtry
1987 A Summons to Memphis Peter Taylor
1988 Beloved Toni Morrison
1989 Breathing Lessons Anne Tyler
1990 The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love Oscar Hijuelos
1991 Rabbit at Rest John Updike
1992 A Thousand Acres Jane Smiley
1993 A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain: Stories Robert Olen Butler
1994 The Shipping News E. Annie Proulx
1995 The Stone Diaries Carol Shields
1996 Independence Day Richard Ford
1997 Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer Steven Millhauser
1998 American Pastoral Philip Roth
1999 The Hours Michael Cunningham
2000 Interpreter of Maladies: Stories Jhumpa Lahiri
2001 The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay Michael Chabon
2002 Empire Falls Richard Russo
2003 Middlesex Jeffrey Eugenides
2004 The Known World Edward P. Jones
2005 Gilead Marilynne Robinson
2006 March Geraldine Brooks
2007 The Road Cormac McCarthy
2008 The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao Junot Díaz
2009 Olive Kitteridge Elizabeth Strout
2010 Tinkers Paul Harding
2011 A Visit from the Goon Squad Jennifer Egan
2012 no award
2013 The Orphan Master's Son Adam Johnson
2014 The Goldfinch Donna Tartt
2015 All the Light We Cannot See Anthony Doerr
2016 The Sympathizer Viet Thanh Nguyen
2017 The Underground Railroad Colson Whitehead
2018 Less Andrew Sean Greer
2019 The Overstory Richard Powers
2020 The Nickel Boys Colson Whitehead
2021 The Night Watchman Louise Erdrich
2022 The Netanyahus: An Account of a Minor and Ultimately Even Negligible Episode in the History of a Very Famous Family Joshua Cohen
2023 Demon Copperhead Barbara Kingsolver
Trust Hernan Diaz

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction are listed in the table.

Pulitzer Prize—General Nonfiction
year title author
*Awarded posthumously.
1962 The Making of the President, 1960 Theodore H. White
1963 The Guns of August Barbara W. Tuchman
1964 Anti-intellectualism in American Life Richard Hofstadter
1965 O Strange New World: American Culture, the Formative Years Howard Mumford Jones
1966 Wandering Through Winter: A Naturalist's Record of a 20,000-Mile Journey Through the North American Winter Edwin Way Teale
1967 The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture David Brion Davis
1968 Rousseau and Revolution: A History of Civilization in France, England, and Germany from 1756 and in the Remainder of Europe from 1715 to 1789 Will and Ariel Durant
1969 The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, the Novel as History Norman Mailer
So Human an Animal Rene Jules Dubos
1970 Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Non-violence Erik H. Erikson
1971 The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945 John Toland
1972 Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–1945 Barbara W. Tuchman
1973 Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam Frances Fitzgerald
Children of Crisis, vol. 2 and 3 Robert Coles
1974 The Denial of Death* Ernest Becker
1975 Pilgrim at Tinker Creek Annie Dillard
1976 Why Survive?: Being Old in America Robert N. Butler
1977 Beautiful Swimmers: Watermen, Crabs, and the Chesapeake Bay William W. Warner
1978 The Dragons of Eden: Speculations on the Evolution of Human Intelligence Carl Sagan
1979 On Human Nature Edward O. Wilson
1980 Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid Douglas R. Hofstadter
1981 Fin-de-Siècle Vienna: Politics and Culture Carl E. Schorske
1982 The Soul of a New Machine Tracy Kidder
1983 Is There No Place on Earth for Me? Susan Sheehan
1984 The Social Transformation of American Medicine: The Rise of a Sovereign Profession and the Making of a Vast Industry Paul Starr
1985 The Good War: An Oral History of World War Two Studs Terkel
1986 Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families J. Anthony Lukas
Move Your Shadow: South Africa, Black and White Joseph Lelyveld
1987 Arab and Jew: Wounded Spirits in a Promised Land David K. Shipler
1988 The Making of the Atomic Bomb Richard Rhodes
1989 A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam Neil Sheehan
1990 And Their Children After Them: The Legacy of Let Us Now Praise Famous Men: James Agee, Walker Evans, and the Rise and Fall of Cotton in the South Dale Maharidge and Michael Williamson
1991 The Ants Bert Holldobler and Edward O. Wilson
1992 The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power Daniel Yergin
1993 Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America Garry Wills
1994 Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire David Remnick
1995 The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time Jonathan Weiner
1996 The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism Tina Rosenberg
1997 Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris Richard Kluger
1998 Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Jared Diamond
1999 Annals of the Former World John McPhee
2000 Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II John W. Dower
2001 Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan Herbert P. Bix
2002 Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama, the Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution Diane McWhorter
2003 “A Problem from Hell”: America and the Age of Genocide Samantha Power
2004 Gulag: A History Anne Applebaum
2005 Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 Steve Coll
2006 Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya Caroline Elkins
2007 The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 Lawrence Wright
2008 The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945 Saul Friedländer
2009 Slavery by Another Name: The Re-enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II Douglas A. Blackmon
2010 The Dead Hand: The Untold Story of the Cold War Arms Race and Its Dangerous Legacy David E. Hoffman
2011 The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer Siddhartha Mukherjee
2012 The Swerve: How The World Became Modern Stephen Greenblatt
2013 Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America Gilbert King
2014 Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation Dan Fagin
2015 The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History Elizabeth Kolbert
2016 Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS Joby Warrick
2017 Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City Matthew Desmond
2018 Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America James Forman, Jr.
2019 Amity and Prosperity: One Family and the Fracturing of America Eliza Griswold
2020 The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America Greg Grandin
The Undying: Pain, Vulnerability, Mortality, Medicine, Art, Time, Dreams, Data, Exhaustion, Cancer, and Care Anne Boyer
2021 Wilmington's Lie: The Murderous Coup of 1898 and the Rise of White Supremacy David Zucchino
2022 Invisible Child: Poverty, Survival & Hope in an American City Andrea Elliott
2023 His Name Is George Floyd: One Man's Life and the Struggle for Racial Justice Robert Samuels and Toluse Olorunnipa

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for history

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for history are listed in the table.

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Pulitzer Prize—History
year title author
*Awarded posthumously.
**Potter died before completing the work; Fehrenbacher wrote the final chapters and edited it.
***Editor.
1917 With Americans of Past and Present Days J.J. Jusserand
1918 History of the Civil War, 1861–1865 James Ford Rhodes
1919 no award
1920 The War with Mexico, 2 vol. Justin H. Smith
1921 The Victory at Sea William Sowden Sims and Burton J. Hendrick
1922 The Founding of New England James Truslow Adams
1923 The Supreme Court in United States History Charles Warren
1924 The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation Charles Howard McIlwain
1925 History of the American Frontier Frederic L. Paxson
1926 A History of the United States Edward Channing
1927 Pinckney's Treaty Samuel Flagg Bemis
1928 Main Currents in American Thought, 2 vol. Vernon Louis Parrington
1929 The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861–1865 Fred Albert Shannon
1930 The War of Independence Claude H. Van Tyne
1931 The Coming of the War, 1914, 2 vol. Bernadotte E. Schmitt
1932 My Experiences in the World War, 2 vol. John J. Pershing
1933 The Significance of Sections in American History* Frederick J. Turner
1934 The People's Choice, from Washington to Harding: A Study in Democracy Herbert Agar
1935 The Colonial Period of American History Charles McLean Andrews
1936 A Constitutional History of the United States Andrew C. McLaughlin
1937 The Flowering of New England, 1815–1865 Van Wyck Brooks
1938 The Road to Reunion, 1865–1900 Paul Herman Buck
1939 A History of American Magazines Frank Luther Mott
1940 Abraham Lincoln: The War Years Carl Sandburg
1941 The Atlantic Migration,1607–1860: A History of the Continuing Settlement of the United States Marcus Lee Hansen
1942 Reveille in Washington, 1860–1865 Margaret Leech
1943 Paul Revere and the World He Lived In Esther Forbes
1944 The Growth of American Thought Merle Curti
1945 Unfinished Business Stephen Bonsal
1946 The Age of Jackson Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
1947 Scientists Against Time James Phinney Baxter III
1948 Across the Wide Missouri Bernard De Voto
1949 The Disruption of American Democracy Roy Franklin Nichols
1950 Art and Life in America Oliver W. Larkin
1951 The Old Northwest: Pioneer Period, 1815–1840, 2 vol. R. Carlyle Buley
1952 The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People Oscar Handlin
1953 The Era of Good Feelings George Dangerfield
1954 A Stillness at Appomattox Bruce Catton
1955 Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History Paul Horgan
1956 The Age of Reform: From Bryan to FDR Richard Hofstadter
1957 Russia Leaves the War: Soviet-American Relations, 1917–1920 George F. Kennan
1958 Banks and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War Bray Hammond
1959 The Republican Era, 1869–1901: A Study in Administrative History Leonard D. White and Jean Schneider
1960 In the Days of McKinley Margaret Leech
1961 Between War and Peace: The Potsdam Conference Herbert Feis
1962 The Triumphant Empire: Thunder-Clouds Gather in the West, 1763–1766 Lawrence H. Gipson
1963 Washington: Village and Capital, 1800–1878 Constance McLaughlin Green
1964 Puritan Village: The Formation of a New England Town Sumner Chilton Powell
1965 The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879 Irwin Unger
1966 The Life of the Mind in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War, 3 vol.* Perry Miller
1967 Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West William H. Goetzmann
1968 The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution Bernard Bailyn
1969 Origins of the Fifth Amendment: The Right Against Self-Incrimination Leonard W. Levy
1970 Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department Dean Acheson
1971 Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom James MacGregor Burns
1972 Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States Carl N. Degler
1973 People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization Michael Kammen
1974 The Americans: The Democratic Experience Daniel J. Boorstin
1975 Jefferson and His Time, 5 vol. Dumas Malone
1976 Lamy of Santa Fe: His Life and Times Paul Horgan
1977 The Impending Crisis: 1848–1861** David M. Potter and Don E. Fehrenbacher
1978 The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
1979 The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics Don E. Fehrenbacher
1980 Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery Leon F. Litwack
1981 American Education: The National Experience, 1783–1876 Lawrence A. Cremin
1982 Mary Chesnut's Civil War C. Vann Woodward***
1983 The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790 Rhys L. Isaac
1984 no award
1985 Prophets of Regulation: Charles Francis Adams, Louis D. Brandeis, James M. Lundis, Alfred E. Kahn Thomas K. McCraw
1986 The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age Walter A. McDougall
1987 Voyagers to the West: A Passage in the Peopling of America on the Eve of the Revolution Bernard Bailyn
1988 The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846–1876 Robert V. Bruce
1989 Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era James M. McPherson
Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–1963 Taylor Branch
1990 In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines Stanley Karnow
1991 A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
1992 The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties Mark E. Neely, Jr.
1993 The Radicalism of the American Revolution Gordon S. Wood
1994 no award
1995 No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II Doris Kearns Goodwin
1996 William Cooper's Town: Power and Persuasion on the Frontier of the Early American Republic Alan Taylor
1997 Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution Jack N. Rakove
1998 Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America's Continuing Debate over Science and Religion Edward J. Larson
1999 Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace
2000 Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 David M. Kennedy
2001 Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Joseph J. Ellis
2002 The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America Louis Menand
2003 An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942–1943 Rick Atkinson
2004 A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration Steven Hahn
2005 Washington's Crossing David Hackett Fischer
2006 Polio: An American Story David M. Oshinsky
2007 The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff
2008 What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 Daniel Walker Howe
2009 The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family Annette Gordon-Reed
2010 Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World Liaquat Ahamed
2011 The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery Eric Foner
2012 Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention* Manning Marable
2013 Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America's Vietnam Fredrik Logevall
2014 The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772–1832 Alan Taylor
2015 Encounters at the Heart of the World: A History of the Mandan People Elizabeth A. Fenn
2016 Custer's Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America T.J. Stiles
2017 Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy Heather Ann Thompson
2018 The Gulf: The Making of an American Sea Jack E. Davis
2019 Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom David W. Blight
2020 Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America W. Caleb McDaniel
2021 Franchise: The Golden Arches in Black America Marcia Chatelain
2022 Covered with Night: A Story of Murder and Indigenous Justice in Early America Nicole Eustace
Cuba: An American History Ada Ferrer
2023 Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power Jefferson Cowie

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for music

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for music are listed in the table.

Pulitzer Prize—Music
year title composer
1943 Secular Cantata No. 2: A Free Song William Schuman
1944 Symphony No. 4, Opus 34 Howard Hanson
1945 Appalachian Spring (ballet) Aaron Copland
1946 The Canticle of the Sun (cantata) Leo Sowerby
1947 Symphony No. 3 Charles Ives
1948 Symphony No. 3 Walter Piston
1949 music for the film Louisiana Story Virgil Thomson
1950 The Consul (opera) Gian Carlo Menotti
1951 Giants in the Earth (opera) Douglas S. Moore
1952 Symphony Concertante Gail Kubik
1953 no award
1954 Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra Quincy Porter
1955 The Saint of Bleecker Street (opera) Gian Carlo Menotti
1956 Symphony No. 3 Ernst Toch
1957 Meditation on Ecclesiastes (for string orchestra) Norman Dello Joio
1958 Vanessa (opera) Samuel Barber
1959 Concerto for Piano and Orchestra John LaMontaine
1960 Second String Quartet Elliott Carter
1961 Symphony No. 7 Walter Piston
1962 The Crucible (opera) Robert Ward
1963 Piano Concerto No. 1 Samuel Barber
1964 no award
1965 no award
1966 Variations for Orchestra Leslie Bassett
1967 Quartet No. 3 Leon Kirchner
1968 Echoes of Time and the River (for orchestra) George Crumb
1969 String Quartet No. 3 Karel Husa
1970 Time's Encomium (electronic work) Charles Wuorinen
1971 Synchronisms No. 6 for Piano and Electronic Sound Mario Davidovsky
1972 Windows (for orchestra) Jacob Druckman
1973 String Quartet No. 3 Elliott Carter
1974 Notturno (for chamber ensemble) Donald Martino
1975 From the Diary of Virginia Woolf (song cycle) Dominick Argento
1976 Air Music (orchestral suite) Ned Rorem
1977 Visions of Terror and Wonder (for mezzo soprano and orchestra) Richard Wernick
1978 Deja Vu (for percussion and orchestra) Michael Colgrass
1979 Aftertones of Infinity (for orchestra) Joseph Schwantner
1980 In Memory of a Summer Day (for soprano and orchestra) David Del Tredici
1981 no award
1982 Concerto for Orchestra Roger Sessions
1983 Symphony No. 1 (Three Movements for Orchestra) Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
1984 Canti del sole (for solo voices and orchestra) Bernard Rands
1985 RiverRun (symphony) Stephen Albert
1986 Wind Quintet IV George Perle
1987 The Flight into Egypt (for soprano, baritone, chorus, and orchestra) John Harbison
1988 12 New Etudes for Piano William Bolcom
1989 Whispers out of Time (for string orchestra) Roger Reynolds
1990 Duplicates: A Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra Mel Powell
1991 Symphony Shulamit Ran
1992 The Face of the Night, the Heart of the Dark (for orchestra) Wayne Peterson
1993 Trombone Concerto Christopher Rouse
1994 Of Reminiscences and Reflections (for orchestra) Gunther Schuller
1995 Stringmusic (for orchestra) Morton Gould
1996 Lilacs (for voice and orchestra) George Walker
1997 Blood on the Fields (oratorio for jazz orchestra and voices) Wynton Marsalis
1998 String Quartet No. 2 (Musica Instrumentalis) Aaron Jay Kernis
1999 Concerto for Flute, Strings, and Percussion Melinda Wagner
2000 Life Is a Dream, Opera in Three Acts: Act II, Concert Version Lewis Spratlan
2001 Symphony No. 2 for String Orchestra John Corigliano
2002 Ice Field (for orchestra) Henry Brant
2003 On the Transmigration of Souls (for orchestra, chorus, children's choir, and pre-recorded sound track) John Adams
2004 Tempest Fantasy (chamber music) Paul Moravec
2005 Second Concerto for Orchestra Steven Stucky
2006 Chiavi in mano (piano concerto) Yehudi Wyner
2007 Sound Grammar (for jazz ensemble) Ornette Coleman
2008 The Little Match Girl Passion (for chorus and percussion) David Lang
2009 Double Sextet Steve Reich
2010 Violin Concerto Jennifer Higdon
2011 Madame White Snake Zhou Long
2012 Silent Night: Opera in Two Acts Kevin Puts
2013 Partita for 8 Voices Caroline Shaw
2014 Become Ocean John Luther Adams
2015 Anthracite Fields Julia Wolfe
2016 In for a Penny, In for a Pound Henry Threadgill
2017 Angel's Bone Du Yun
2018 DAMN. Kendrick Lamar
2019 p r i s m Ellen Reid
2020 The Central Park Five Anthony Davis
2021 Stride Tania León
2022 Voiceless Mass Raven Chacon
2023 Omar Rhiannon Giddens and Michael Abels

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for poetry

Winners of the Pulitzer Prize for poetry are listed in the table.

Pulitzer Prize—Poetry
year title author
*The 1918 and 1919 prizes were sponsored by Columbia University and the Poetry Society of America, as Joseph Pulitzer had made no provision for a poetry prize. The Pulitzer Board later formalized the prize.
**Awarded posthumously.
***Work published and prize awarded posthumously.
1918 Love Songs* Sara Teasdale
1919 Cornhuskers* Carl Sandburg
The Old Road to Paradise Margaret Widdemer
1920 no award
1921 no award
1922 Collected Poems Edwin Arlington Robinson
1923 The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver; A Few Figs from Thistles; "Eight Sonnets" in American Poetry, 1922: A Miscellany Edna St. Vincent Millay
1924 New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes Robert Frost
1925 The Man Who Died Twice Edwin Arlington Robinson
1926 What's O'Clock** Amy Lowell
1927 Fiddler's Farewell Leonora Speyer
1928 Tristram Edwin Arlington Robinson
1929 John Brown's Body Stephen Vincent Benét
1930 Selected Poems Conrad Aiken
1931 Collected Poems of Robert Frost Robert Frost
1932 The Flowering Stone George Dillon
1933 Conquistador Archibald MacLeish
1934 The Collected Verse of Robert Hillyer Robert Hillyer
1935 Bright Ambush Audrey Wurdemann
1936 Strange Holiness Robert P. Tristram Coffin
1937 A Further Range Robert Frost
1938 Cold Morning Sky Marya Zaturenska
1939 Selected Poems John Gould Fletcher
1940 Collected Poems Mark Van Doren
1941 Sunderland Capture and Other Poems Leonard Bacon
1942 The Dust Which Is God William Rose Benét
1943 A Witness Tree Robert Frost
1944 Western Star** Stephen Vincent Benét
1945 V-Letter and Other Poems Karl Shapiro
1946 no award
1947 Lord Weary's Castle Robert Lowell
1948 The Age of Anxiety: A Baroque Eclogue W.H. Auden
1949 Terror and Decorum: Poems, 1940–1948 Peter Viereck
1950 Annie Allen Gwendolyn Brooks
1951 Complete Poems Carl Sandburg
1952 Collected Poems Marianne Moore
1953 Collected Poems, 1917–1952 Archibald MacLeish
1954 The Waking: Poems, 1933–1953 Theodore Roethke
1955 The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens Wallace Stevens
1956 Poems: North & South–A Cold Spring Elizabeth Bishop
1957 Things of This World Richard Wilbur
1958 Promises: Poems 1954–1956 Robert Penn Warren
1959 Selected Poems, 1928–1958 Stanley Kunitz
1960 Heart's Needle W.D. Snodgrass
1961 Times Three: Selected Verse from Three Decades with Seventy New Poems Phyllis McGinley
1962 Poems Alan Dugan
1963 Pictures from Breughel and Other Poems: Collected Poems, 1950–1962 William Carlos Williams
1964 At the End of the Open Road Louis Simpson
1965 77 Dream Songs John Berryman
1966 Selected Poems, 1930–1965 Richard Eberhart
1967 Live or Die Anne Sexton
1968 The Hard Hours Anthony Hecht
1969 Of Being Numerous George Oppen
1970 Untitled Subjects Richard Howard
1971 The Carrier of Ladders W.S. Merwin
1972 Collected Poems James Wright
1973 Up Country: Poems of New England, New and Selected Maxine Kumin
1974 The Dolphin Robert Lowell
1975 Turtle Island Gary Snyder
1976 Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror John Ashbery
1977 Divine Comedies James Merrill
1978 The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov Howard Nemerov
1979 Now and Then: Poems, 1976–1978 Robert Penn Warren
1980 Selected Poems Donald Justice
1981 The Morning of the Poem James Schuyler
1982 The Collected Poems*** Sylvia Plath
1983 Selected Poems Galway Kinnell
1984 American Primitive Mary Oliver
1985 Yin: New Poems Carolyn Kizer
1986 The Flying Change Henry Taylor
1987 Thomas and Beulah Rita Dove
1988 Partial Accounts: New and Selected Poems William Meredith
1989 New and Collected Poems Richard Wilbur
1990 The World Doesn't End: Prose Poems Charles Simic
1991 Near Changes Mona Van Duyn
1992 Selected Poems James Tate
1993 The Wild Iris Louise Glück
1994 Neon Vernacular: New and Selected Poems Yusef Komunyakaa
1995 The Simple Truth Philip Levine
1996 The Dream of the Unified Field: Selected Poems, 1974–1994 Jorie Graham
1997 Alive Together: New and Selected Poems Lisel Mueller
1998 Black Zodiac Charles Wright
1999 Blizzard of One Mark Strand
2000 Repair C.K. Williams
2001 Different Hours Stephen Dunn
2002 Practical Gods Carl Dennis
2003 Moy Sand and Gravel Paul Muldoon
2004 Walking to Martha's Vineyard Franz Wright
2005 Delights & Shadows Ted Kooser
2006 Late Wife Claudia Emerson
2007 Native Guard Natasha Trethewey
2008 Time and Materials: Poems, 1997–2005 Robert Hass
Failure Philip Schultz
2009 The Shadow of Sirius W.S. Merwin
2010 Versed Rae Armantrout
2011 The Best of It: New and Selected Poems Kay Ryan
2012 Life on Mars Tracy K. Smith
2013 Stag's Leap Sharon Olds
2014 3 Sections Vijay Seshadri
2015 Digest Gregory Pardlo
2016 Ozone Journal Peter Balakian
2017 Olio Tyehimba Jess
2018 Half-light: Collected Poems 1965–2016 Frank Bidart
2019 Be With Forrest Gander
2020 The Tradition Jericho Brown
2021 Postcolonial Love Poem Natalie Diaz
2022 frank: sonnets Diane Seuss
2023 Then the War: And Selected Poems, 2007–2020 Carl Phillips
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by Meg Matthias.