PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: medicine
French physician
René Laënnec was a French physician who invented the stethoscope and perfected the art of auditory examination of the chest cavity. When Laënnec was five years old, his mother, Michelle Félicité Guesdon,...
Japanese physician
Hiroshi Nakajima Japanese physician and director general of the World Health Organization (WHO; 1988–98). Nakajima studied at Tokyo Medical College, where he received a doctorate in 1954. He then went...
British-born American physician and geneticist
Alexander Gordon Bearn British-born American physician and geneticist who discovered the hereditary nature of Wilson disease and established the basis for diagnostic tests and novel forms of treatment...
American physician
Helen Brooke Taussig was an American physician recognized as the founder of pediatric cardiology, best known for her contributions to the development of the first successful treatment of “blue baby” syndrome....
American oncologist
Bert Vogelstein American oncologist known for his groundbreaking work on the genetics of cancer. Vogelstein was raised in Baltimore and attended a private middle school from which he was often truant,...
American relief worker and reformer
Annie Turner Wittenmyer American relief worker and reformer who helped supply medical aid and dietary assistance to army hospitals during the Civil War and was subsequently an influential organizer in...
American physician
William H. Masters American gynecologist who was a pioneer in the field of human sexuality research and sex therapy. With partner Virginia E. Johnson, Masters conducted groundbreaking research on sex physiology...
American physician
Andrew Weil American physician and popularizer of alternative and integrative medicine. Weil was the only child of parents who owned a millinery supply store. As a child, he developed a strong interest...
- agriculture
- alchemy
- anatomy
- anthropology
- archaeology
- astronaut
- astronomy
- bacteriology
- biology
- botany
- cartography
- chemistry
- crystallography
- cytology
- ecology
- embryology
- entomology
- epidemiology
- exploration
- genetics
- geography
- geology
- horticulture
- immunology
- linguistics
- mathematics
- mechanics
- medicine
- meteorology
- mineralogy
- natural history
- neurology
- Nobel Prize - Chemistry
- Nobel Prize - Medicine
- Nobel Prize - Physics
- nursing
- oceanography
- optics
- ornithology
- paleontology
- petrology
- pharmacology
- physical anthropology
- physics
- physiology
- psychiatry
- psychoanalysis
- psychology
- seismology
- thermodynamics
- Turing Award
- virology
- zoology